The zucchini or courgette is a summer squash, of Mesoamerican origin, which can reach nearly 1 m in length, but is usually harvested when still immature at about 15 to 25 cm. A zucchini is a thin-skinned cultivar of what in Britain and Ireland is referred to as a marrow.
There are a lot of Zucchini varieties in the world .
Black Beauty Zucchini
‘Black Beauty’ (Heirloom, Open Pollinated,110 Days) has long been one of the most popular varieties on the market. It produces glossy green zucchini over a long season. Harvest at 7-8" (18-20 cm). Compact bush variety suitable for small gardens and containers. .
Raven Zucchini
‘Raven’ (F1 Hybrid, 48 days) produces deep green zucchini that are loaded with leutein, an antioxidant that helps protect the eyes from UV damage that contributes to macular degeneration. Compact bush plants kick out 2-3 zucchini per week at peak, so you’re not inundated with squash. Skins stay tender up to 9-10” (22-25cm), but harvest at 6-8” (15-20cm) for best flavor and texture. A good zucchini variety for small spaces and container gardens.
Fordhook Zucchini
‘Fordhook’(Heirloom, Open Pollinated, 57 days) produces cylindrical, smooth, medium mottled green fruits, some may be slightly curved. Flesh is creamy white, good texture. Harvest at 6-8" (15-20 cm) long. Vigorous, bushy plants spread 4-5' (1.2-1.7 m). All-America Selections winner.
Dunja Zucchini
‘Dunja’ (F1 Hybrid, Organic, 47 days) produces high yields of dark green, straight zucchinis. Open plants and small spines make for an easy harvest. Some resistance to watermelon mosaic virus, zucchini yellow mosaic virus, papaya ringspot virus, and powdery mildew.
Gadzukes Zucchini
‘Gadzukes’(F1 Hybrid, 55 days) produces dark green Italian-type zucchini with light green ridges, so slices are star-shaped. Similar to 'Italian Ribbed' below, but on a compact, upright bush. Sweet, crisp zucchini with good texture. Upright, vigorous plants with open habit.
Gourmet Gold Zucchini
‘Gourmet Gold’(F1 Hybrid, 55 days) produces beautiful, bright orange-yellow zucchini. Medium-sized plants are bushy and open, so harvesting is easy. Virus-resistant, produces over a long season.
Cocozelle Zucchini
‘Cocozelle’(Heirloom, Open Pollinated, 50 days) produces beautiful, leaf-green fruits with darker green streaks. Slight ridges become more pronounced on larger fruit. Best harvested at 8-10" (20-25 cm), but 12" (30 cm) cocozelles are still tender and delicious, and are excellent stuffed. Compact, bushy vines, good for small gardens.
Caserta Zucchini
‘Caserta’(Heirloom, Open Pollinated, 65 days) produces beautiful, light greenish-grey zucchini with alternate, darker green stripes. Creamy, dense flesh with excellent flavor. These zucchini can be harvested larger than most varieties. Harvest at 12-16" ( cm), just after the bottoms start bulbing. One of our favorites! And it grows on compact, bushy plants suitable for small gardens and containers. High yielding for an heirloom zucchini variety.
Magda Zucchini
‘Magda’(F1 Hybrid, 48 days) produces squat, cousa-type zucchini with pale green skin. Best flavor of any Middle-Eastern squash at Johnny's taste trials. Dense, nutty-tasting flesh. Excellent zucchini for vegetable sautes--especially with fresh basil--and also among the best zucchini for grilling. Harvest on the small side, 3-4" (7-10 cm) for best flavor and texture. Tall, bushy plants good for the back of a border.
Summer Green Tiger Zucchini
‘Summer Green Tiger’(F1 Hybrid, 55-60 days) produces gorgeous, cylindrical leaf-green fruits with bold, darker green stripes. Voted best-looking and best-tasting zucchini at Burpee Seeds. A hybrid zucchini similar to 'Cocozelle', but more uniform, and without the ridges, and with bolder striping. Harvest at 8" (20 cm) for best quality and texture. Compact, bushy vines, good for small gardens and containers.
Italian Ribbed Zucchini
‘Italian Ribbed’(Italian Heirloom, Open Pollinated, 58 days) produce the beautiful and flavorful 'Costata Romanesco' zucchini that are so popular in Italy. Leaf-green fruits have pronounced, pale green ridges, so slices are star-shaped. Excellent sauted or roasted. Best harvested at 6-8" (15-20 cm). Vines spread 4-5' (1.2-1.7 m).
Bush Baby Zucchini
‘Bush Baby’(F1 Hybrid, 55 days) produces well-proportioned "baby" zucchini at small lengths. These zucchini are squatter than most zucchini, the ideal size for harvest is 2" x 6" (5 cm x 15 cm). The fruits are forest green, with lighter green striping along the ribs. Excellent flavor and texture at this size, and great for grilling. Compact bush-style plants make 'Bush Baby' one of the best zucchini varieties for growing in containers.
Patio Star Zucchini
‘Patio Star’(F1 Hybrid, 50 days) is bred for compact, bushy habit, specifically for growing in containers. Plants are open and spineless for easy harvest. Starts producing early and keeps producing through a long season. Beautiful dark-green leaves with silver veining make it a nice addition to any edible landscape.
Golden Egg Zucchini
‘Golden Egg’(F1 Hybrid, 45 days) produces gorgeous yellow summer squash like elongated eggs. A favorite of chef's for their creamy, flavorful flesh, and voted the best tasting squash at Burpee Seeds two years in a row. Vines spread 3-6'(1/2-1 m), and produce for 8 weeks. Best harvested at about 4" (10 cm).
Ronde De Nice Zucchini
‘Round De Nice’(Heirloom, Open Pollinated, 45 days) produces round, dark green fruits. Best harvested at 3 1/2" (8 cm), the little spheres are excellent for stuffing. Compact, bushy vines, good for small gardens.
12 Health and Nutrition Benefits of Zucchini
Zucchini, also known as courgette, is a summer squash in the Cucurbitaceae plant family, alongside melons, spaghetti squash, and cucumbers.
It can grow to more than 3.2 feet (1 meter) in length but is usually harvested when still immature — typically measuring under 8 inches (20 cm).
Although zucchini is often considered a vegetable, it is botanically classified as a fruit. It occurs in several varieties, which range in color from deep yellow to dark green.
While squashes originated in the Americas, this particular variety was first developed in the early 1800s in Italy .
Zucchini has been used in folk medicine to treat colds, aches, and various health conditions. However, not all of its uses are backed by science.
Here are 12 evidence-based benefits of zucchini.
1. Rich in Many Nutrients
Zucchini is rich in several vitamins, minerals, and other beneficial plant compounds.
One cup (223 grams) of cooked zucchini provides :
Calories: 17
Protein: 1 gram
Fat: less than 1 gram
Carbs: 3 grams
Sugar: 1 gram
Fiber: 1 gram
Vitamin A: 40% of the Reference Daily Intake (RDI)
Manganese: 16% of the RDI
Vitamin C: 14% of the RDI
Potassium: 13% of the RDI
Magnesium: 10% of the RDI
Vitamin K: 9% of the RDI
Folate: 8% of the RDI
Copper: 8% of the RDI
Phosphorus: 7% of the RDI
Vitamin B6: 7% of the RDI
Thiamine: 5% of the RDI
It also contains small amounts of iron, calcium, zinc, and several other B vitamins.
In particular, its ample vitamin A content may support your vision and immune system.
Raw zucchini offers a similar nutrition profile as cooked zucchini, but with less vitamin A and more vitamin C, a nutrient which tends to be reduced by cooking.
Summary Zucchini contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, and beneficial plant compounds. Cooked zucchini is particularly high in vitamin A, though raw zucchini contains slightly less.
2. High in Antioxidants
Zucchini is also rich in antioxidants.
Antioxidants are beneficial plant compounds that help protect your body from damage by free radicals.
Carotenoids — such as lutein, zeaxanthin, and beta-carotene — are particularly plentiful in zucchini .
These may benefit your eyes, skin, and heart, as well as offer some protection against certain types of cancer, such as prostate cancer .
Research indicates that the skin of the plant harbors the highest levels of antioxidants. Yellow zucchinis may contain slightly higher levels than light green ones .
Summary Zucchini boasts several antioxidants that may provide various health benefits. The highest levels are found in the fruit’s skin.
3. Contributes to Healthy Digestion
Zucchini may promote healthy digestion in several ways.
For starters, it’s rich in water, which can soften stools. This makes them easier to pass and reduces your chances of constipation .
Zucchini also contains both soluble and insoluble fiber.
Insoluble fiber adds bulk to stools and helps food move through your gut more easily, further reducing constipation risk. This benefit is compounded if you have enough fluids in your diet .
Meanwhile, soluble fiber feeds the beneficial bacteria living in your gut. In turn, these friendly bacteria produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that nourish your gut cells .
What’s more, SCFAs may help reduce inflammation and symptoms of certain gut disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis .
Summary Zucchini is rich in water and fiber, two compounds which can promote healthy digestion by reducing your risk of constipation and symptoms of various gut disorders.
4. May Reduce Blood Sugar Levels
Zucchini may help lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes.
At 3 grams of carbs per cooked cup (232 grams), zucchini provides a great low-carb alternative to pasta for those looking to reduce carb intake. It can be spiralized or sliced to replace spaghetti, linguini, or lasagna noodles in dishes.
Low-carb diets can significantly lower blood sugar and insulin levels, both of which may keep blood sugar levels stable and reduce the need for medication in people with type 2 diabetes .
What’s more, zucchini’s fiber helps stabilize blood sugar, preventing levels from spiking after meals. Diets rich in fiber from fruits and vegetables — including zucchini — are consistently linked to a lower risk of type 2 diabetes .
The fiber found in zucchini may also help increase insulin sensitivity, which can help stabilize blood sugar as well .
Additionally, animal studies note that zucchini peel extract may help reduce blood sugar and insulin levels. This may be due to the skin’s potent antioxidants .
However, human research is needed before strong conclusions can be made.
Summary Zucchini’s fiber may increase insulin sensitivity and stabilize blood sugar levels, potentially reducing your risk of type 2 diabetes.
5. May Improve Heart Health
Zucchini may also contribute to heart health.
Its high fiber content may be largely responsible. Observational studies show that people who eat more fiber have a lower risk of heart disease .
Pectin, one type of soluble fiber found in zucchini, appears particularly effective at reducing total and “bad” LDL cholesterol levels .
In a review of 67 studies, consuming as little as 2–10 grams of soluble fiber per day for around 1–2 months reduced, on average, total cholesterol by 1.7 mg/dl and “bad” LDL cholesterol by 2.2 mg/dl .
Zucchini is also rich in potassium, which may help reduce high blood pressure by dilating your blood vessels. Healthier blood pressure is linked to a lower risk of heart disease and stroke .
Moreover, diets rich in carotenoids — likewise found in zucchini — appear particularly protective against heart disease .
Summary The fiber, potassium, and carotenoids in zucchini may lower blood pressure, cholesterol, and other risk factors for heart disease.
6. May Strengthen Your Vision
Adding zucchini to your diet may aid your vision.
That’s partly because zucchini is rich in vitamin C and beta-carotene — two nutrients important for eye health .
Zucchini also contains the antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin. Research shows that these antioxidants can accumulate in your retina, improving your vision and reducing your risk of age-related eye diseases.
This may include a lower risk of macular degeneration, which is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in older adults .
In addition, diets high in lutein and zeaxanthin may also lower your likelihood of developing cataracts, a clouding of the lens which can lead to poor eyesight .
Summary Zucchini is rich in manganese, lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamins A and C — nutrients which contribute to healthy vision and may lower your risk of age-related eye conditions.
7. May Aid Weight Loss
Regular consumption of zucchini may help you lose weight.
This fruit is rich in water and has a low calorie density, which may help you feel full .
Its fiber content may also reduce hunger and keep your appetite at bay .
Moreover, studies consistently link high fruit and vegetable intake to weight loss and a slower rate of weight gain over time .
What’s more, intake of non-starchy, dark green or yellow vegetables — with similar nutrition profiles to zucchini — appears particularly beneficial to weight loss .
Summary Zucchini is rich in water and fiber yet low in calories, all of which may help reduce hunger and help you feel full — potentially leading to weight loss over time.
8–11. Other Potential Benefits
Zucchini may offer some additional benefits. The most well-researched include:
Bone health. Zucchini is rich in the antioxidants lutein and zeaxanthin, as well as vitamin K and magnesium, all of which can help strengthen bones.
Anticancer effects. Test-tube and animal studies indicate that zucchini extracts may help kill or limit the growth of certain cancer cells. However, human research is needed .
A healthy prostate. Animal research shows that zucchini seed extracts may help limit prostatic hyperplasia, an enlargement of the prostate that commonly causes urinary and sexual difficulties in older men .
Thyroid function. Testing in rats reveals that zucchini peel extracts may help keep thyroid hormone levels stable. That said, research in humans is needed .
Summary Zucchini may benefit bone, thyroid, and prostate health. It may also have anticancer properties. However, more research is needed before strong conclusions can be made.
12. Easy to Add to Your Diet
Zucchini is incredibly versatile and can be eaten raw or cooked.
Here are some ways to incorporate it into your meals:
Add it raw to salads.
Stew it with other summer fruits and vegetables to make ratatouille.
Stuff with rice, lentils, or other vegetables, then bake it.
For a mild stir-fry, add olive oil and sauté it.
Boil it, then blend it into soups.
Serve it as a side, grilled or sautéed with a little garlic and oil.
Try it breaded and fried.
Spiralize it into spaghetti- or linguine-like noodles, or slice it to replace lasagna sheets.
Bake it into breads, pancakes, muffins, or cakes.
In some cultures, the zucchini flower is considered a delicacy. You can either deep-fry it or sprinkle it raw atop salads, soups, and stews.
Summary Zucchini can be eaten raw or cooked in soups, stews, sandwiches, salads, baked goods, and more.
The Bottom Line
Zucchini is a versatile squash rich in vitamins, minerals, and plant compounds.
It may offer several health benefits, ranging from improved digestion to a lower risk of heart disease.
Zucchini may aid your bones, thyroid, and prostate.
If you’re curious, try adding this soft, mild fruit to your diet today.
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